Antimicrobial finish on fabrics

ABSTRACT

A formulation is provided which comprises at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation; at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the mass of the formulation; and at least one alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation. Said formulation is surfactant free and being capable of rendering anti-microbial finish to fabrics. And also, a process for preparing a fabric with anti-microbial finish is provided.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to an antimicrobial finish on the fabric.

This invention particularly envisages a durable antimicrobial finish and its application on the fabric.

BACKGROUND

Clothing and textile materials are not only carriers of microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, odor generating bacteria and mould fungi, but also good media for the growth of microorganisms. The inherent properties of the textile fibers provide room for the growth of micro-organisms. Humid and warm environment still aggravate the problem. Infestation by microbes cause cross infection by pathogens and development odor where the fabric is worn next to the skin. In addition, the staining and loss of the performance properties of textile substrates are the results of microbial attack. Obnoxious smell form the inner garments such as socks, spread of diseases, staining and degradation of textiles are some of the detrimental effects of bad microbes.

Though the use of antimicrobials have been known for the decades, it is only in the recent couple of years several attempts have been made on finishing textiles with antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial finish is a recent innovation in finishes. It also prevents garments from unpleasant odor.

The most common technology for making durable Antimicrobial apparel fabric is to introduce silver ion at the polymerization stage of the fibre manufacturing or to treat the fabric with nano- silver ions during finishing. But silver ion has many adverse effects on human being as well as on environment such as:

i) When human skin cells grown in a Petri-dish were exposed to nano-silver particles 7-20 nm in size, concentration dependent changes to cell morphology including abnormal size, shrinkage and rounded appearance were observed at concentrations above 6.25 microgm/ml. ii) Nano silver has also some adverse effect on wound. After a week of treatment with a wound dressing impregnated with nano silver, the patient developed reversible sign of liver toxicity and a grayish dis-colouration of his face similar to that found in patient diagnosed with argyria found. When wound dressing was removed, the clinical symptoms returned to normal in ten months. iii) Nanosilver has recently been found at concentration as low as 0.14 microgm/ml to be toxic to several species of nitrifying bacteria, which play an important role in the environment by converting ammonia in the soil to a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants. Increase in mass usage of Silver treated AMB fabric and the effluent generated during home laundering of garments may contaminate soil/water. iv) Nanosilver's primary use as an antimicrobial has attracted the attention of the US Environment protection Agency which enforce the federal insecticides, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA). Also in Europe, the key question is whether nano-silver will be considered a new substance and therefore subjected to the rigorous notification procedure required under REACH law.

Nanosilver can not be filtered out fully in Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and likely to cause soil and water contamination. Also the presence of Silver ion in the effluent water increases the load on Effluent treatment plant substantially. Nano-silver ion based AMB technology has been known to require several precautions in application as well as many costly modifications in effluent water treatment process.

(Ref:- Environmental Impact of Nanosilver—by Kristen M Kulinowski , Ph. D—Nov. 18—2008)

Apart from silver, antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Chlorine- and iodine-based compounds are the most significant microbicidal halogens used in the clinic and have been traditionally used for both antiseptic and disinfectant purposes.

Chloro compounds such as Chloroxylenol is an effective antimicrobial agent. It is used as bacteriocidal, fungicidal and germicidal agent.

Many antimicrobial agents used in the textile industry are known from the food stuff and cosmetics sector. These substances are incorporated with textile substrates comparatively at lower concentrations. It must be ensured that these substances are not only permanently effective but also that they are compatible with skin and the environment.

Other chemical used for producing durable antimicrobial (AMB) fabric is 3-trimethoxy silyl propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride—but it has also some disadvantages

-   -   yellowing of the shade/colour of the fabric.     -   it is a cationic compound—If any anionic detergent is used         during home laundering, it will take out the cationic compound         from the fabric making the anti-microbial effect less durable.

Following patents disclose anti-microbial fabrics and processes for preparing the same. U.S. Pat. No. 3,699,958 disclose an antimicrobial woven or knitted fabric, characterized in that it is made using crimp yarn and is treated with cation-active antimicrobial compounds such as benzalkyl ammonium derivates, phenolic polyoxymethylene derivates.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,361 discloses a process for manufacturing an antibacterial fiber, characterized in that fiber is contacted with or immersed in an aqueous solution in which a cationic surfactant with a quaternary ammonium salt group, a water-soluble protein, and an alkaline compound are dissolved; and the fiber is separated from the aqueous solution and immersed in another aqueous solution containing tea polyphenol.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,780,799 discloses an antimicrobial non-woven fabric comprising: a polymeric fiber substrate comprising phosphonic acid groups covalently bonded thereto and antimicrobial agents ionically bonded to the phosphonic acid groups. The antimicrobial agent used is benzalkonium chloride.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,821,936 discloses a wash durable antimicrobial treated substrate comprising an antimicrobial silver finish comprising silver zirconium phosphate compounds; at least one binder material selected from the group consisting of nonionic materials, anionic materials, and any mixtures thereof; and a substrate selected from the group consisting of a yarn, a fabric comprised of individual fibers, and a film;

U.S. Pat. No. 6,946,433 discloses a process for producing a wash durable antimicrobial treated substrate comprising an antimicrobial silver finish comprising compounds selected from the group consisting of silver-containing ion exchange compounds, silver-containing zeolites, silver-containing glass, and any mixtures thereof; and a substrate selected from the group consisting of a yam, a fabric comprised of individual fibers, and a film.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,081,139 discloses antimicrobial polyester-containing articles (filament, fiber, yarn, fabric or film) and methodology for the preparation of antimicrobial polyester-containing articles utilizing chitosan and chitosan-metal complexes as the antimicrobial agent.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,232,777 discloses yarns and fabrics having a wash-durable antimicrobial silver particulate finish. It particularly disclose a treated substrate comprising a finish comprising a) solid compounds selected from the group consisting of metal particles, metal salts, metal oxides, and any combinations thereof, and b) at least one binder material selected from the group consisting of melamine-formaldehyde resins, acrylic resins, polyvinyl chloride/vinyl copolymers, and mixtures thereof: a substrate selected from the group consisting of a yarn, a fabric comprised of individual fibers, and a film.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,6511 discloses a non-woven fabric treated with a biocidal composition, comprising: at least one halogenated phenolic biocide selected from the group consisting of pentachlorophenol (PCP), p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), hexachlorophenel, o-phenylphenol, dichlorophene, chlorophene, bromophene, trilosan and a combination thereof; a water soluble film forming polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer); and at least one surfactant.

The textile or fabrics containing antimicrobial agent disclosed in the above prior art does not provide effective and long lasting anti-microbial activity.

Thus, there is felt a need to develop antimicrobial finish on fabrics which is durable, completely safe for human being as well as for environment and does not alter the tone, colour and appearance of the fabric.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The main object of the invention is to provide a fabric with an anti-microbial property.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fabric with an anti-microbial finish which is durable.

Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide a fabric with an anti-microbial finish which does not alter the tone, colour, hand feel and appearance of the fabric.

Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide an anti-microbial formulation which is safe for human being as well as for the environment.

Further object of the present invention is to provide a cost effective and environment friendly method of making anti-microbial fabric.

Definitions:

As used in the present specification, the following words and phrases are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.

Grey Fabric: The fabric which has not been subjected to washing or any chemical processing.

Scouring: It is a process in which the grey fabric is subjected to washing with the help of synthetic detergents and stain removers in order to remove dirt, dust , stains and various oily substances from the fabric and making it suitable for further chemical & Mecanical processing.

Dyeing: It is a process where different types of dye stuffs are impregnated into the fabric in order to achieve the desired colour.

Singeing: In this process the fabric is made to pass over a series of flames across the entire width to burn out the fibres protruding from the fabric surface. This is done to make the fabic surface smooth.

Crabbing: Crabbing sets the cloth and yarn twist by rotating the fabric over cylinders through a hot-water bath, or through a series of progressively hotter baths, followed by a cold-water bath. Crabbing is done to stabilize the fabric before dyeing and finishing and is necessary only for wool fabrics.

Heat Setting: It means a process of conferring stability upon fibres, yarns, or fabrics, by means of dry heat.

Shearing : In this process the fabic is passed over a set of rotating helical blades, acroos the witdth of the fabric to clean the surface hairs.

Decatising : Decatising is a finishing treatment whereby a fabric's physical and dimensional form is enhanced and then stabilised by the use of heat, moisture, pressure and time. Generally, a pressure decatising method produces a permanent change in fabric properties by the action of heat and pressurised steam at greater than 100 kPa (1 atm) pressure on a mechanically constrained fabric, and is usually performed during the final stages of fabric production for several reasons: (a) to develop desirable aesthetic qualities in the fabric such as handle, lustre and smoothness, (b) to improve the dimensional stability of the fabric particularly for purposes of garment assembly, (c) to permanently set or preserve these qualities during fabric use.

Pick-up %: It is the quantity of the solution absorbed by the fabric after sqeezing, express as the percentage to the weight of the dry fabric. Pick-up % is calculated as below

${{Pick}\text{-}{up}\mspace{14mu} \%} = \frac{\begin{pmatrix} {{{GSM}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {the}\mspace{14mu} {wet}\mspace{14mu} {fabric}\mspace{14mu} {after}\mspace{14mu} {squeezing}} -} \\ {{GSM}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Fabric}\mspace{14mu} {before}\mspace{14mu} {application}} \end{pmatrix} \times 100}{{GSM}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Fabric}\mspace{14mu} {before}\mspace{14mu} {application}}$ GSM − Grams  per  square  meter Gpl − Grams/Litre

Stenter—Stenter is an open width finishing machine where the fabric passes through a set of chambers, with provision of hot air blowing. This machine can be used for drying and heat setting of fabric.

PV: Polyester/Viscose PW: Polyester/Wool SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a formulation comprising:

-   -   at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to         about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation ;     -   at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about1.0% of         the mass of the formulation; and     -   at least one alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of         the mass of the formulation,         said formulation being surfactant free and being capable of         rendering anti-microbial finish to fabrics.

Typically, the phenolic compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene; 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-5,3-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-m-xylenol; p-chloro-3,5-xylenol and p-chloro-m-xylenol.

Preferably, the phenolic compound is chloroxylenol.

Typically, the fragrance is 2-(4-Methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl) propan-2-ol (Terpineol).

Preferably, the alcohol is isopropanol.

Typically, the fabric is selected from the group consisting of wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester, PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal, sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran, zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for preparing fabric with anti-microbial finish; said process comprising the following steps:

-   -   (a) providing a fabric selecting from the group consisting of         wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon,         polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester         viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester,         PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal,         sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran,         zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof;     -   (b) subjecting the fabric to pre-treatment;     -   (c) providing an anti-microbial finish formulation comprising i)         at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to         about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation, ii) at least one         fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the mass of         the formulation, and iii) at least one alcohol alcohol in an         amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation;     -   (d) applying said formulation onto the pre-treated fabric at a         temperature of about 25 to 50° C.; and     -   (e) subjecting the fabric to post-treatment to obtain a fabric         with anti-microbial finish.

Typically, the pre-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of scouring at a temperature of about 55-60° C., drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., heat setting on stenter at a temperature of about 170-210° C., dyeing, singeing, crabbing and shearing.

Typically, the post-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from, the group consisting of drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., pressing and kier decanting at a temperature of about 100-115° C.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the process further comprising a step of incorporating at least one chemical selected from the group consisting of acrylic co-polymer and micro amino silicone into the fabric before the post-treatment step.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a process for preparing a fabric with anti-microbial finish.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a formulation comprising:

-   -   at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to         about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation ;     -   at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about1.0% of         the mass of the formulation; and     -   at least one alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of         the mass of the formulation,         said formulation being surfactant free and being capable of         rendering anti-microbial finish to fabrics.

In accordance with the present invention the phenolic compound is used as anti-microbial agent and which is selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene; 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-5,3-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-m-xylenol; p-chloro-3,5-xylenol and p-chloro-m-xylenol.

Preferably, the phenolic compound is chloroxylenol.

Typically, the fragrance is 2-(4-Methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl) propan-2-ol (Terpineol).

Preferably, the alcohol is isopropanol.

In accordance with the present invention the fabric is selected from the group consisting of wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester, PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal, sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran, zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for preparing a fabric with anti-microbial finish. The process of the present invention is described herein below.

The first step is providing a fabric selecting from the group consisting of wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester, PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal, sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran, zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof.

Then the selected fabric is subjected to pre-treatment. Typically, the pre-treatment comprises at least operation selected from the group consisting of scouring at a temperature of about 55-60° C., drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., heat setting on stenter at a temperature of about 170-210° C., dyeing, singeing, crabbing and shearing.

In the next step, an anti-microbial finish formulation in accordance with the present invention is prepared. Typically, the anti-microbial finish formulation comprises i) at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation, ii) at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the mass of the formulation, and iii) at least one alcohol alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation.

The prepared anti-microbial finish formulation is then applied onto the pre-treated fabric at a temperature of about 25 to 50° C. Finally, the fabric is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a fabric with anti-microbial finish. Typically, the post-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., pressing and kier decasting at a temperature of about 100-115° C.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the process further comprising a step of incorporating at least one chemical selected from the group consisting of acrylic co-polymer and micro amino silicone into the fabric before the post-treatment step.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the process is further described with the help of a figure (FIG. 1). Typically, the assembly used in the process for the preparation of anti-microbial fabric in accordance with the present invention comprises: finishing tank (1), pipe (2) for feeding the solution from tank to mangle, fabric trolley (3), mangle (5), squeeze rollers (6) and stenter.

Initially, the anti-microbial formulation of the present invention & binder are added in a finishing Tank (1) along with normal finishing chemicals. The final solution goes to the mangle (5) through a pipe (2) for padding where fabric (4) picks up the solution and the fabric passes through a set of squeezing rollers (6) to squeeze the excess solution. The pickup is about 55% to 70%. After this, fabric enters into a heating chamber of stenter for drying.

The invention will now be described with respect to the following examples which does not limit the invention in any way and only exemplify the invention.

Example 1 Preparation of Anti-Microbial Formulation (a)

The anti-microbial formulation was prepared using the following ingredients.

Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity 1 Isopropyl alcohol 985 ml 2 chloroxylenol 12 gm 3 Terpineol 3 ml

Example 2 Preparation of Anti-Microbial Formulation (b)

The anti-microbial formulation was prepared using the following ingredients.

Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity 1 Isopropyl alcohol 985 ml 2 chloroxylenol 10 gm 3 Terpineol 5 ml

Example 3 Preparation of Anti-Microbial Formulation (c)

The anti-microbial formulation was prepared using the following ingredients.

Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity 1 Isopropyl alcohol 985 ml 2 chloroxylenol 8 gm 3 Terpineol 7 ml

Example 4 Preparation of Anti-Microbial Formulation (d)

The anti-microbial formulation was prepared using the following ingredients.

Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity 1 Isopropyl alcohol 985 ml 2 chloroxylenol 5 gm 3 Terpineol 10 ml

The formulations prepared as per examples 1 to 4 were used for the preparation of anti-microbial fabrics of different types. Typically, the formulation is used in an amount of about 10 to 25 gram per liter.

Example 6 Preparation of Anti-Microbial Fabrics of Different types

The anti-microbial fabrics of different types were prepared using the process steps described in table No. 1.

TABLE NO 1 Processing steps for preparation of anti-microbial fabrics 100% Polyester & Polyester/ Cellulosic- 100% 100% Polyester/ Piece Polyester Polyester Cellulosic- Dyed 100% Auto Auto Suiting/ Suiting/ Wool- textiles- textiles- Shirting Shirting PW-Suiting Suiting Piece Dyed Yarn Dye Sr. Fabric Fabric Fabric Fabric Fabric Fabric No. Process (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Scouring 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 2 Drying  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C. 3 Heat setting 170-210° C. 170-210° C. 170-210° C. — 170-210° C. 170-210° C. on Stenter 4 Dyeing — Max upto — — Max upto 135° C. 135° C. 5 Drying — 90-160° C. — — 90-160° C. 6 Singeing 80-120 80-120 80-120 80-120 — Mtr/min Mtr/min Mtr/min Mtr/min 7 Crabbing — — — 110-130° C. — 8 Scouring 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. 55-60° C. — 9 Drying  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C. — 10 Shearing — — 15-30 15-30 — mtr/min mtr/min 11 Chemical Application 11.1 Basic 10-25 gpl 10 -25 gpl 10-25 gpl 10-25 gpl 10-25 gpl 10-25 gpl Formulation 11.2 Acrylic  5-15 gpl  5-15 gpl  5-15 gpl  5-15 gpl  5-15 gpl copolymer 11.3 Micro — — 1-5 gpl 1-5 gpl — — Amino Silicon 11.4 Drying  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C.  90-160° C. 12 1^(St) pressing 15-30 15-30 15-30 15-30 mtr/min mtr/min mtr/min mtr/min 13 Kier 100-115° C., 100-115° C., 100-115° C., 100-115° C., Decatising Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure 0.4-1.2 Bar 0.4-1.2 Bar 0.4-1.2 Bar 0.4-1.2 Bar 14 Final 15-30 15-30 15-30 15-30 Pressing mtr/min mtr/min mtr/min mtr/min

Example 7 Anti-Microbial Testing

The fabrics prepared in accordance with the present invention were tested for anti-microbial activity using standard AATCC-147-2004 method.

The results are shown in following Table No. 2.

Growth Formu- Zone of Under Test Product Condition lation Test Organism Inhibition Specimen Conclusion Status PV Suiting/ Initial a Staph. Aureus 2.4 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass Shirting Fabric K. Pneumoniae 1.0 mm No Growth b Staph. Aureus 1.0 mm No Growth Diffusible Pass K. Pneumoniae 4.2 mm No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth PV Suiting/ After 100 a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Shirting Fabric Washes K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester Initial a Staph. Aureus 5.6 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass & PV Piece K. Pneumoniae 2.2 mms No Growth dyed Fabric b Staph. Aureus 3.5 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass K. Pneumoniae 2.1 mms No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester After 100 a Staph. Aureus 2.0 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass & PV Piece Washes K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth dyed Fabric b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth PW Suiting Initial a Staph. Aureus 1.0 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass Fabric K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth b Staph. Aureus 0.5 mms No Growth Diffusible Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth PW Suiting After 100 a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Fabric Washes K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Wool Initial a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Suiting Fabric K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Wool After 20 a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Suiting Fabric Dry clean K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester Initial a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Auto Textiles K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth Piece dyed b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Fabric K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester After 1000 a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Auto Textiles Cycle K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth Piece dyed Taber b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Fabric Abrasion K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester Initial a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Auto Textiles K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth Yarn dyed b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Fabric K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth . d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth 100% Polyester After 1000 a Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Auto Textiles Cycle K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth Yarn dyed Taber b Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass Fabric Abrasion K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth c Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth d Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth e Staph. Aureus No Zone No Growth Bacteriostatic Pass K. Pneumoniae No Zone No Growth

-   -   From the results as shown in above table it is clear that all         the fabrics, treated with all five formulations posses         anti-microbial property at initial condition and after 100         washes/20 dry cleanings (in case of all wool fabrics) as well.     -   The fabrics prepared in accordance with the present invention         show bacteriostatic property or diffusible anti microbial         property.

Technical Advancement and Economic Significance:

-   -   The fabric with an anti-microbial finish of the present         invention is durable upto 100 home launderings as well as to         various abrasion and weathering conditions.     -   The chemicals used in the formulation are completely safe for         human being as well as for environment. The anti-microbial         formulation is also non -cytotoxic as tested by test method no.         ISO 10993-5:2009.     -   Application of anti-microbial finish does not require any change         in the normal processing sequence of the fabrics. Anti-microbial         formulation is added along with normal finish at chemical         finishing stage in the processing sequence. It is compatible         with all the normal finishes applied to fabrics.     -   It does not alter the tone, colour, hand-feel and appearance of         the fabric, which is of very high importance in consumer and         apparel fabrics.     -   It is the most cost effective method of making durable anti         microbial apparel fabric which can be used for the masses.     -   Application of this technology, using anti-microbial formulation         does not require any alteration, whatsoever in the effluent         water treatment procedure/process. It does not add any         additional burden—process wise as well as cost wise.

The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the invention, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.

While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the invention. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation. 

1. A formulation comprising: at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation ; at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about1.0% of the mass of the formulation; and at least one alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation, said formulation being surfactant free and being capable of rendering anti-microbial finish to fabrics.
 2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phenolic compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene; 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-5,3-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-m-xylenol; p-chloro-3,5-xylenol and p-chloro-m-xylenol.
 3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phenolic compound is chloroxylenol.
 4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fragrance is 2-(4-Methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl) propan-2-ol (Terpineol).
 5. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.
 6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fabric is selected from the group consisting of wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester, PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal, sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran, zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof.
 7. A process for preparing a fabric with anti-microbial finish; said process comprising the following steps: (a) providing a fabric selecting from the group consisting of wool, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, ramie, jute, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, acrylic, spandex, olefin fibre, polyester viscose, polyester wool, modacrylic olefin acrylic polyester, PTFE, PP, PPE, carbon fiber, vinyon, saran, vinalon, modal, sulfar, polybenzimidazole fibre, PLA, lyocell, orlon, vectran, zylonacrylonitrile and combinations thereof; (b) subjecting the fabric to pre-treatment; (c) providing an anti-microbial finish formulation comprising i) at least one phenolic compound in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.2% of the mass of the formulation, ii) at least one fragrance in an amount of about 0.3 to about 1.0% of the mass of the formulation, and iii) at least one alcohol alcohol in an amount of about 90 to about 99% of the mass of the formulation; (d) applying said formulation onto the pre-treated fabric at a temperature of about 25 to 50° C.; and (e) subjecting the fabric to post-treatment to obtain a fabric with anti-microbial finish.
 8. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pre-treatment comprises at least operation selected from the group consisting of scouring at a temperature of about 55-60° C., drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., heat setting on stenter at a temperature of about 170-210° C., dyeing, singeing, crabbing and shearing.
 9. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the post-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of drying at a temperature of about 90-160° C., pressing and kier decasting at a temperature of about 100-115° C.
 10. The process as claimed in claim 7 further comprising a step of incorporating at least one chemical selected from the group consisting of acrylic co-polymer and micro amino silicone into the fabric before the post-treatment step. 